Introduction:- 



Section 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), deals with revision. This section empowers the High Counts to make a revision on any jurisdiction or case decided by any subordinate court. However, the authority at a High Court in making any revision is applicable in some special circumstances. High Courts power to make this type of jurisdiction is called the revisional jurisdiction of High Courts. In this context, it is to be noted that the revisional jurisdiction is made by a High Court when the subordinate court -







        a) exercised jurisdiction, which is not vested in it, 


        b) has failed to make proper jurisdiction, or 


        c) has not acted legally for making the jurisdiction.





Nature and scope:-



From the above discussion, it can be stated that some specific conditions are needed to be fulfilled for making revision by the High court. In major S.S. Khanna vs. Brig F.J. Dillan, it was cited by the honourable court that, section 115 is having two parts, one of which states the circumstances, in which a High court can make a revision, and the second part states, the circumstances, when there shall be no appeal to the High Court for revision. The authority at the High Court to apply its revisional jurisdiction in the conditions mentioned earlier shall restrict the subordinate court to make jurisdiction within its limit and to make jurisdiction without breaching any provision of the court. 





Objectives of Revision:- 



The objective of revision is to remove the irregularity and illegality from the jurisdiction process. High Courts examine the jurisdiction made by the subordinate courts in order to verify if there is a breach of any provision in the time of making such jurisdiction. However, the High Courts do not have the authority to interfere with the judgment made by the subordinate court, even if there is a wrong order made by the subordinate court. The High Court shall examine the scope of making revision, only if there is a material irregularity or illegality in orders made by the subordinate courts. 





Conclusion:- 



On the light of the above discussion, it can be stated that the provision to revise the judgment held by a subordinate court can be applied only when the subordinate court makes such judgment without considering the material fact, or by illegality or without the proper authority. The High Court can call for records of proceedings of any case from any subordinate court on the basis of the application for making the revision of the judgment of that subordinate court on the following grounds:




  • If the subordinate court has exercised jurisdition not vested in it by law, 

  • If the subordinate court has failed to exercise the jurisdiction vested in it by law,

  • If the jurisdiction exercised by the subordinate court with material irregularity and illegality.


In this regard, it is to be noted that, section 115 of the CPC is not maintainable against an interlocutory order (Tek Singh vs. Shashi Verma).